A callus is a pad of, thickened, hairless skin that develops in response to pressure on areas where there is not much cushioning tissue over the bones. They most usually occur on the elbows and hocks of large dogs.
When large dogs sit or lie on a hard surfaces, the skin over the elbow and/or hock is squeezed between the hard surface and the bone. With time, the skin becomes tougher and in thickening -- a callus is formed. Dogs often prefer hard surfaces because they are cool to the touch.
Calluses may be unsightly, but they generally will cause no harm. Rarely, the callus may become infected or fluid-filled, and surgical treatment may be necessary.
If your pet is prone to having difficulties with calluses, check with your veterinarian, and try to minimize the pet's resting on hard surfaces. Dog water beds are best, as dogs do not get too warm lying on these. Thick foam padding, straw or several rugs can be used to provide a comfortable bed.
